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- <text id=93CT1723>
- <title>
- Iceland--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
- Europe
- Iceland
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Iceland was settled in the late 9th and early 10th centuries,
- principally by Norwegians. In A.D. 930, the ruling chiefs of
- Iceland established a republican constitution and an assembly
- called the Althing--the oldest parliament in the world.
- Iceland remained independent until 1262 when the Norwegian king
- succeeded in extending his sovereignty to Iceland. It passed to
- Denmark late in the 14th century when Norway and Denmark were
- united under the Danish crown.
- </p>
- <p> Early in the 19th century, national consciousness revived in
- Iceland. The Althing had been abolished in 1800, but in 1843, it
- was reestablished as a consultative assembly. In 1874, the
- Althing obtained limited legislative authority, and a
- constitution was granted to Iceland. The constitution was
- revised in 1903 when home rule was granted, and a minister for
- Icelandic affairs, residing in Reykjavik, was made responsible
- to the Althing. The Act of Union, a 1918 agreement with Denmark,
- recognized Iceland as a fully sovereign state united with
- Denmark under a common king. Iceland established its own flag
- and asked that Denmark represent its foreign affairs and defense
- interests.
- </p>
- <p> German occupation of Denmark in 1940 severed communications
- between Iceland and Denmark. In May 1940, Iceland was occupied
- by British military forces. In July 1941, responsibility for
- Iceland's defense passed to the United States under a U.S.-
- Icelandic defense agreement. Following a plebiscite, the country
- was formally established as an independent republic on June 17,
- 1944.
- </p>
- <p> In October 1946, the Icelandic and U.S. Governments agreed to
- terminate U.S. responsibility for the defense of Iceland, but
- the United States retained certain rights at Keflavik. Iceland
- became a charter member of the North Atlantic Treaty
- Organization (NATO) in 1949. After the outbreak of hostilities
- in Korea in 1950, and pursuant to the request of NATO military
- authorities, the United States and Iceland agreed that the
- United States should again be responsible for Iceland's
- defense. This agreement, signed on May 5, 1951, is the authority
- for U.S. military presence in Iceland. Iceland is the only NATO
- country with no military forces of its own.
- </p>
- <p>Political Conditions
- </p>
- <p> Growing economic difficulties led to the resignation in March
- 1983 of the center-left coalition government led by a faction
- of the Independence Party under Prime Minister Gunnar
- Thoroddsen. As a result of elections in April 1983, a
- center-right coalition comprising the Independence Party and
- Prime Minister Steingrimur Hermannsson's Progressive Party
- assumed power on May 26. The People's Alliance, the Social
- Democratic Party, the Women's List, and the Social Democratic
- Alliance are in opposition. New elections must be held by the
- spring of 1987.
- </p>
- <p> The present coalition is committed to Iceland's continued
- membership in NATO and to maintaining the presence of U.S.
- forces at the Keflavik NATO Base. The principal goal of the
- coalition has been to adopt economic measures to confront
- Iceland's economic difficulties.
- </p>
- <p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
- August 1986.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-